Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) is a web security vulnerability that allows an attacker to induce the server-side application to make HTTP requests to an arbitrary domain of the attacker's....

HTTP Header Injection is a critical web security vulnerability that occurs when an application allows user-controlled input to be inserted into HTTP response headers without proper validation or....

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is one of the most prevalent and dangerous web application security vulnerabilities. According to OWASP, XSS consistently ranks among the top 10 web application security....

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is a web security vulnerability that allows an attacker to induce users to perform actions that they do not intend to perform. It occurs when a malicious website,....

# 1. What is application security? Application security refers to the measures and practices implemented to protect applications from security threats throughout their development lifecycle and....

Web applications are one of the most targeted surfaces by attackers. This is primarily because they are accessible over the internet, making them exposed and potentially vulnerable. Since these....

Ever clicked that handy "Sign in with Google" button instead of creating yet another username and password? You're not alone! Behind that convenient button lies a powerful technology called OAuth....

Every time you see that small padlock icon in your browser's address bar, you're witnessing one of the internet's most important security technologies at work. This tiny symbol represents....

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Have you ever wondered how attackers gain control over remote servers? How do they just run some exploit and compromise a computer? If we dive into the actual context, there is no magic happening.....

## What is Docker and why is it used? Docker is a platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in containers. Containers package an application with its dependencies, ensuring....

## What is a REST API? A REST (Representational State Transfer) API is an architectural style for designing networked applications. It uses standard HTTP methods to interact with resources, making....

## What is Amazon EC2 and what are its features? Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) is a web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud. It allows you to launch and manage....

Cryptography is the practice of securing communication in the presence of third parties. It's a cornerstone of digital security, allowing us to protect sensitive information even when it's sent....

Netcat, often abbreviated as `nc`, is a versatile command-line networking tool that can be used for almost anything related to TCP, UDP, or UNIX-domain sockets. It's beloved by network engineers,....

A **web shell** is a script that enables an attacker to gain remote control over a web server. It is especially useful for **post-exploitation tasks**, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary....

In the previous example, we saw how a classic [SQL Injection Login Bypass](https://hacksland.net/sql-injection-login-bypass) works. SQL Injection is not all about that. The real fun is we can extract....

Blind SQL Injection happens when: There is a SQL injection vulnerability, BUT the application does not show any SQL errors or query outputs directly. In this case, an attacker has to ask....

Blind SQL Injection happens when: There is a SQL injection vulnerability, BUT the application does not show any SQL errors or query outputs directly. In this case, an attacker has to ask....

SQL Injection (SQLi) is one of the oldest and most fundamental web application vulnerabilities. While it’s becoming rarer in modern web apps due to better coding practices and frameworks,....

When one object needs to notify many other objects about changes in its state **automatically**, the **Observer Pattern** steps in. ## What is the Observer Pattern? - Defines a....

When you want to create **families of related objects** without specifying their concrete classes, the **Abstract Factory Pattern** is your best friend. --- ## What is the Abstract Factory....

# Factory Pattern Imagine you want to create objects — but you don't want to expose the creation logic to the client and instead ask a factory class to **create objects for you**. That's....

When you want to **add new functionalities** to an object **without modifying its structure**, the **Decorator Pattern** comes to the rescue. The Decorator Pattern lets you dynamically **wrap**....