Buffer overflow vulnerabilities are one of the most common yet deadly flaws in software security. They can be leveraged by attackers to gain control over a system, run arbitrary code, and escalate....

Cryptography is the art and science of securing information. In today’s interconnected world, where data is constantly being transmitted across networks, cryptography plays a vital role in ensuring....

Netcat, often abbreviated as `nc`, is a versatile command-line networking tool that can be used for almost anything related to TCP, UDP, or UNIX-domain sockets. It's beloved by network engineers,....

A **web shell** is a script that enables an attacker to gain remote control over a web server. It is especially useful for **post-exploitation tasks**, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary....

In the previous example, we saw how a classic [SQL Injection Login Bypass](https://hacksland.net/sql-injection-login-bypass) works. SQL Injection is not all about that. The real fun is we can extract....

Normally in SQL Injection, the attacker: Sees direct errors, or Infers information through page behavior or timing. But Out-of-Band SQL Injection is different: OOB SQLi relies on making....

Blind SQL Injection happens when: There is a SQL injection vulnerability, BUT the application does not show any SQL errors or query outputs directly. In this case, an attacker has to ask....

Blind SQL Injection happens when: There is a SQL injection vulnerability, BUT the application does not show any SQL errors or query outputs directly. In this case, an attacker has to ask....

SQL Injection (SQLi) is one of the oldest and most fundamental web application vulnerabilities. While it’s becoming rarer in modern web apps due to better coding practices and frameworks,....

Web applications are one of the most targeted surfaces by attackers. This is primarily because they are accessible over the internet, making them exposed and potentially vulnerable. Since these....

When one object needs to notify many other objects about changes in its state **automatically**, the **Observer Pattern** steps in. ## What is the Observer Pattern? - Defines a....

When you want to create **families of related objects** without specifying their concrete classes, the **Abstract Factory Pattern** is your best friend. --- ## What is the Abstract Factory....

# Factory Pattern Imagine you want to create objects — but you don't want to expose the creation logic to the client and instead ask a factory class to **create objects for you**. That's....

When you want to **add new functionalities** to an object **without modifying its structure**, the **Decorator Pattern** comes to the rescue. The Decorator Pattern lets you dynamically **wrap**....

Sometimes you don't want or can't allow direct access to an object. Maybe it's expensive to create, needs special permissions, or you want to control access in some way. This is where the **Proxy....

Ever found yourself writing similar logic over and over, only to change a few steps each time? That’s exactly what the **Template Pattern** helps you solve. The **Template Pattern** is a....

Ever needed to connect two incompatible interfaces without changing their source code? That’s exactly where the **Adapter Pattern** shines! The Adapter Pattern is a structural design pattern....

Ever needed just one instance of a class in your application? Maybe a logger, a database connection, or a configuration manager? This is where the Singleton Pattern comes in — one of the simplest....

🚀 Excited to finally share my journey of building a web3 CLI tool for Ballerina! This tool bridges the gap between Ethereum smart contracts and the Ballerina programming language by automatically....

In the world of databases, speed matters. Whether you're powering an e-commerce store, a social media app, or a business dashboard — users expect data to load instantly. That’s where database....

When working with databases, one thing is absolutely critical: keeping your data safe, consistent, and reliable. That's where ACID properties come in — a set of principles that ensure every....

hiii, I selected an interesting topic to discuss. Here, we are going to disassemble a binary file and take a look at what it does. This process is called reverse engineering. Let's run the program....

## The Stack in Computer Science The stack is an important concept in computer science. If you are planning to learn reverse engineering, malware analyzing, exploitation, etc., this concept is a....

GDB is shipped with the GNU toolset. It is a debugging tool used in Linux environments. The term GDB stands for GNU Debugger. In our previous protostar stack0 walkthrough tutorial, we used GDB....